Frontal Lobe Functions

BMI SEE

• Behaviour
• Motivation
• Impulse control
• Speech
• Emotion
• Executive function (planning, organising, judgement, reasoning, problem solving)

Narcissistic personality disorder features

SPECIAL

• Special treatment expected (grandiose), feelings of entitlement
• Power, success and high intelligence (fantasises over)
• Envious of others and beliefs others are equally jealous of them
• Conceited (vain)
• Interpersonal exploitation – exploits others to achieve personal gain
• Admiration of others needed
• Lacking empathy

Dependent personality disorder features

RELIANT

• Relies on others to make important decisions (needing reassurance)
• Encourages others to make decisions
• Limited capacity themselves to make decisions (about life responsibilities)
• Inability to care for oneself (fears of such) so are uncomfortable alone
• Abandonment fears of caring for oneself
• Needs of others put first and unduly compliant with others’ requests
• Tolerance – inability to disagree with others

Anxious (avoidant) personality disorder features

ANxIOUS

• Avoidance of social interaction – fear of criticism/rejection
• Need for physical security which places restrictions in life
• Insecure – belief that one is socially inept/unappealing
• Ostracised, worried about
• Unwilling to be involved unless certain of being liked
• Socially inept (beliefs of such)

Dissocial (antisocial) personality disorder features

CORRUPT Blame

• Callous unconcern for the feelings of other
• Obligations (social) and rules ignored
• Remorse lacking (no empathy)
• Relationships unable to be maintained (although can often be started)
• Underhanded – deceitful, lying and manipulative although can have superficial charm
• Punishment does not yield benefit – unable to profit from punishment
• Temper – low tolerance to frustration and low threshold for anger

• Blames others or attempts to offer rational explanations for behaviour

Obsessive-compulsive disorder diagnosis

TORE (for obsessional symptoms)

• Thought or act resisted unsuccessfully
• Own thoughts in the patient’s mind (i.e. not psychotic)
• Repetitive and unpleasant obsessions (thoughts, images or impulses)
• Ego-dystonic – the patient does not enjoy these thoughts and finds them distressing

ICD-10 criteria. Obsessional symptoms or compulsive acts (or both) present on most days of the week for longer than 2 weeks. There needs to be associated distress or interference with activities as a result.

Phencyclidine effects

RED DANES

• Rage
• Erythema
• Dilated pupils

• Delusions
• Amnesia
• Nystagmus
• Excitation
• Skin dryness

Medications known to cause swallowing problems

Benzos Make Hard Pharynges

• Benzodiazepines esp. clonazepam
• Metoclopramide
• Haloperidol
• Phenothiazines

Phobia symptoms

FEAR

• Fear of a specific object or situation
• Evasion of said fear
• Anticipation anxiety e.g. if knows will be exposed to phobia
• Restlessness and anxiety when exposed

Drugs that can contribute to deliruim

Some Treatment Hinder Older Patient’s Brains

• Steroids
• Tricyclics and other anticholinergics
• H2 blockers e.g. cimetidine, ranitidine
• Opiates
• Parkinson’s drugs
• Benzodiazepines